I have an article in the new issue of Performance Research, 'On Turbulence'. It's based on the swarm talk I presented last year. I've put my article outline below and you can find more information about the issue here.
Auguries of Discord: Protest, Activism and the Swarm.
In November 2010 London played host to a series of large-scale
student demonstrations against the proposed (and now implemented) increase in
tuition fees. At the same time, the south coast of England was subject to a
particularly high-rate of murmuration: the wave-like accumulation of
starlings in the vicinity of mass roosting sites. Brought into synchronicity by
broadcast media, these two events – ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ – point to the
ambiguity and productivity of swarm behaviour.
As a concept, the notion of the
swarm posits the seemingly paradoxical state of a singular collective, a
constellate identity that exists in a position of homogenous heterogeneity. A
swarm is not just a large group of creatures but a mass of individuals who are
understood as a collective or a colony; an entity that works within and is
constituted by a matrix of feedback and co-ordination. Generally applied to the
activity of bees, ‘swarm’ has increasingly come to signify a trans-species form
of intelligence and performance. Rather than denoting an insectoid equivalent
to ‘flock’ or ‘herd’, the word has assumed significance as a noun and verb that
describes “a group of individuals who respond to one another and to their
environment in ways that give them the power, as a group, to cope with
uncertainty, complexity and change”.[i]
This is frequently coupled with a bipolar application that sees the word being
used equally to describe an intended subject of control as well as the means of
control. The swarm is indicative of both ungovernable, plural excess and
invisible, decentralized organization.[ii]
In this article my aim is to
investigate the synchronic and homologous connection between non-human and
human swarming suggested by the events of November 2010. In offering ‘swarm’ as
a concept to analyse protest activity, my intention is not to draw on the
metaphorical resonance of the word and thereby engage in associative
substitution. Instead, I will argue for the need to understand ‘swarm’ and
‘protest’ as concepts that exist within a metonymic relationship, one that is
based on a particular point of connection between the two.
Specifically, if one sees the
theatre of protest as a physical manifestation of “protestation”; a complaint,
“the formal (written) declaration against a proposal”, then parallels can be
established with the collective event that is performed by the swarm.
Etymologically, ‘swarm’ relates to the Sanskrit word for “sounds, resounds”.
Swarm thus describes the production of noise, hence its common association with
the buzz of bees. Murmuration, understood as a form of swarm behaviour
maintains this sonic emphasis. The term originally described the spreading of
rumour, the continual utterance of low cries and the act of moving one's lips
without speaking. Its application to starling movement follows the metaphorical
revival of the term by W.H. Auden and Mervyn Peake. [iii] In each case, then, the swarm is presented as
a signifying, communicative entity. Just as the protest wishes to be heard, it
is necessary to listen to what the swarm has to say. Drawing upon John
Kinsella's notion of poetic activism, I will argue that the development of this
connection can assist in defending the disputed efficacy of protest activity.[iv]
Similarly, the synchronicity can also be used to foreground and critique the
frameworks that obfuscate and neutralise the performative potency of group
activism. My overall intention will be to offer the swarm as a primary tool for
the navigation and propagation of contemporary turbulence.
[i] Peter
Miller, Smart Swarm (London :
Collins, 2010), pp. xvi-xvii.
[ii] For the
science fictional flipside of Miller’s systems analysis, see Arthur Herzog, The
Swarm (New York: Holt, 1974).
[iii] Each of these definitions and word histories
are taken from the current edition of the Oxford
[iv] See
John Kinsella, ‘Standing Up to Aggressors’, in Activist Poetics: Anarchy in
the Avon Valley ed. by Niall Lucy (Liverpool :
Liverpool University Press), pp.16-23, p.16.
